Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin has shared detailed plans for the next step in the network’s evolution, known as “The Surge.” 

In a blog post on Wednesday, Buterin shared key goals on how to increase the blockchain's capacity to handle over 100,000 transactions per second, using  layer-2 scaling solutions while ensuring Ethereum remains decentralized and secure.

While Buterin didn’t give an exact date for when The Surge would be fully implemented, he did call for sustained progress by balancing scalability with Ethereum’s core principles.

“Our task is to complete the rollup-centric roadmap and solve these problems while preserving the robustness and decentralization that makes Ethereum special,” he said.

The co-founder of the second-largest blockchain explained the next stage in Ethereum’s roadmap would focus on the convergence of two long-standing scaling strategies: sharding and layer-2 protocols. 

Sharding allows nodes to handle only fractions of the total transactions, while layer-2 solutions, such as rollups, ensure efficient data handling by taking most computation off the main blockchain.

He also touched on Etheruem’s rollup-centric approach, which focuses on shifting most transaction processing to layer-2 networks, like rollups, while keeping Ethereum’s main blockchain secure.

This way, the core Ethereum chain acts as a secure base layer, and the rollups handle scaling by bundling multiple transactions off-chain, ensuring faster speeds and lower fees without compromising the network’s integrity.

The task ahead is to complete the roadmap by addressing challenges while preserving the robustness of its settlement layer.

Ethereum will continue serving as a secure and decentralized foundation, leaving layer-2s responsible for scaling, the co-founder said.

Challenging times ahead

One of the critical challenges, Buterin noted, is balancing the scalability trilemma: decentralization, scalability, and security. Buterin’s proposal incorporates cryptographic solutions like SNARKs to ensure transaction integrity without overwhelming the network’s nodes. .

A critical part of Ethereum’s roadmap is ensuring layer-2s inherit Ethereum’s core principles of trustlessness, openness, and censorship resistance, he explained.

The roadmap also suggests maximum interoperability between layer-2s. As Buterin puts it, “Ethereum should feel like one ecosystem, not 34 different blockchains.”

Buterin also highlighted recent developments, including the introduction of EIP-4844 data blobs, which have sought to improve data bandwidth, making Ethereum better equipped to handle higher transaction volumes. 

“These changes bring us closer to our goal: 100,000+ TPS on L1+L2 while preserving decentralization and robustness of layer-1,” Buterin wrote.

In 2022, Ethereum completed "The Merge," shifting from a proof-of-work system to a more efficient proof-of-stake model, reducing its energy consumption and introducing staking. 

Ethereum's next significant upgrade, Pectra, will be released in two phases, with the first part expected in early 2025. The upgrade aims to enhance the blockchain’s scalability through transaction compression and improved staking rewards.

Edited by Sebastian Sinclair